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EMPLOYMENT AND SALARIES OF PILOTS

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Opportunities should be favorable for people seeking flight attendant jobs as the number of applicants is expected to be roughly in balance with the number of job openings. Those with at least two years of college and experience in dealing with the public should have the best chance of being hired.

As airline restrictions on employment have been abolished, turnover-which traditionally was very high-has declined. Therefore, the majority of job openings through 2006 should be due to replacement needs. Many flight attendants are attracted to the occupation by the glamour of the airline industry and the opportunity to travel, but some eventually leave in search of jobs that offer higher earnings and require fewer nights spent away from their families. Several thousand job openings will arise each year as a result of the need to replace flight attendants who transfer to another occupation or who leave the labor force.

Employment of flight attendants is expected to grow faster than the average for all occupations through 2006. Growth in population and income is expected to increase the number of airline passengers. Airlines enlarge their capacity by increasing the number and size of planes in operation. Since Federal Aviation Administration safety rules require one attendant for every fifty seats, more flight attendants will be needed.



Employment of flight attendants is sensitive to cyclical swings in the economy. During recessions, when the demand for air travel declines, many flight attendants are put on part-time status or laid off. Until demand increases, few new flight attendants are hired.

Air Traffic Controllers

Competition for air traffic controller jobs is expected to remain extremely keen because the occupation attracts many more qualified applicants than the small number of job openings stemming from growth of the occupation and replacement needs. Turnover is very low; because of the relatively high pay and liberal retirement benefits, controllers have a very strong attachment to the occupation. Most of the current work force was hired as a result of the controller's strike during the 1980s, so the average age of current controllers is fairly young. Most controllers will not be eligible to retire until 2006 or later.

Employment of air traffic controllers is expected to show little or no change through 2006. Employment growth is not expected to keep pace with growth in the number of aircraft flying because of the implementation of a new air traffic control system over the next ten years. This computerized system will assist the controller by automatically making many of the routine decisions. Automation will allow controllers to handle more traffic, thus increasing their productivity.

Air traffic controllers who continue to meet the proficiency and medical requirements enjoy more job security than most workers. The demand for air travel and the workloads of air traffic controllers decline during recessions, but controllers seldom are laid off.

SALARIES

Pilots


Earnings of airline pilots are among the highest in the nation. According to the Future Aviation Professionals of America (FAPA), the 1996 average starting salary for airline pilots ranged from about $15,000 at the smaller turboprop airlines to $26,290 at the larger major airlines. Average earnings for experienced pilots with six years of experience ranged from $28,100 at the turboprop airlines to almost $76,800 at the largest airlines. Some senior captains on the largest aircraft earned as much as $200,000 a year. Earnings depend on factors such as the type, size, and maximum speed of the plane, and the number of hours and miles flown. Extra pay may be given for night and international flights. Generally, pilots working outside the airlines earn lower salaries. Usually, pilots who fly jet aircraft earn higher salaries than non-jet pilots.

Data from the FAPA for 1996 show that commercial helicopter pilots averaged from $33,700 to $ 59,900 a year. Average pay for corporate helicopter pilots ranged from $47,900 to $72,500. Some helicopter pilots earned more than $100,000 a year.

Airline pilots generally are eligible for life and health insurance plans financed by the airlines. They also receive retirement benefits, and if they fail the FAA physical examination at some point in their careers, they get disability payments. In addition, pilots receive an expense allowance, or "per diem/7 for every hour they are away from home. Per Diem can represent up to $500 each month in addition to their salary. Some airlines also provide allowances to pilots for purchasing and cleaning their uniforms. As an additional benefit, pilots and their immediate families usually are entitled to free or reduced fare transportation on their own and other airlines.

Most airline pilots are members of unions. Most airline pilots are members of the Airline Pilots Association, International, but those employed by one major airline are members of the Allied Pilots Association. Some flight engineers are members of the Flight Engineers' International Association.

Flight Attendants

Beginning flight attendants had median earnings of about $12,800 a year in 1996, according to data from the Association of Flight Attendants. Flight attendants with six years of flying experience had median annual earnings of about $19,000, while some senior flight attendants earned as much as $40,000 a year.

Flight attendants receive extra compensation for night and international flights and for increased hours. In addition, flight attendants and their immediate families are entitled to free fares on their own airline and reduced fares on most other airlines.

Many flight attendants belong to the Association of Flight Attendants. Others may be members of the Transport Workers Union of America, the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, or other unions.

Flight attendants are required to buy uniforms and wear them while on duty. Uniform replacement items are usually paid for by the company. The airlines generally provide a small allowance to cover cleaning and upkeep of the uniforms.

Air Traffic Controllers

Air traffic controllers who started with the FAA in 1997 earned about $29,500 a year. Controllers at higher federal pay grade levels earned 5 percent more than other federal workers in an equivalent grade. A controller's pay is determined by both the worker's job responsibilities and the complexity of the particular facility. Earnings are higher at facilities where traffic patterns are more complex. In 1997, controllers averaged about $46,000 a year.

In 1997, the FAA began to implement a new, more flexible pay classification. The system features twelve grade levels instead of five and pay is based upon how many aircraft a controller works. The program provides a 10 percent overall increase in base pay for about 2,200 personnel at seven of the FAA's busiest air traffic control facilities.

Depending on length of service, air traffic controllers receive thirteen to twenty-six days of paid vacation and thirteen days of paid sick leave each year, life insurance, and health benefits. In addition, controllers can retire at an earlier age and with fewer years of service than other federal employees. Air traffic controllers are eligible to retire at age fifty with twenty years of service as an active air traffic controller or after twenty-five years of active service at any age. There is a mandatory retirement age of fifty-six for controllers who manage air traffic.
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